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author David Barts <n5jrn@me.com>
date Thu, 07 May 2020 09:59:28 -0700
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1 <!DOCTYPE html>
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2 <!-- Skeleton or template web page, in the standard style. -->
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3 <html>
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4 <head>
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5 <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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6 <title>Building JpegWasher</title>
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7 <style>
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8 html { font-family: "TeX Gyre Schola", serif; }
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9 h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { font-family: "Avenir Next", sans-serif; }
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10 pre, code, kbd, samp { font-family: "Menlo", monospace; ; font-size: 85%; }
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11 </style>
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12 </head>
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13 <body>
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14 <h1>Building JpegWasher</h1>
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15 <h2>In General</h2>
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16 <p>Building JpegWasher is a bit more involved than building your
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17 run-of-the-mill Java application, because JpegWasher is not a pure Java
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18 application. The latter is for the simple reason that there are no pure
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19 Java libraries that allow one to both read <em>and modify</em> image
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20 metadata. (This deficiency is one of the reasons I put off writing
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21 JpegWasher for so long, despite my awareness of the need for such a
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22 utility.)</p>
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23 <p>At any rate, this has several implications:</p>
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24 <ol>
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25 <li>Building JpegWasher takes part in two phases: compiling and linking
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26 the native-mode code, then compiling the Kotlin code to JVM bytecodes.</li>
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27 <li>The result of a build will not be portable; it will only run on the
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28 same type of platform as you used to build it.</li>
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29 </ol>
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30 <p>The second point is not <em>strictly</em> true; it is possible, if you
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31 are careful, to build an executable jar that will run on multiple
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32 platforms, but the procedure for doing so is not automated and the results
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33 are not as satisfactory as applications bundled for a specific target. See
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34 “Building a (Somewhat) Universal Jar” below.<em></em></p>
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35 <h2>Prerequisites</h2>
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36 <ul>
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37 <li><a href="https://ant.apache.org/">Apache Ant</a></li>
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38 <li><a href="http://launch4j.sourceforge.net/">Launch4j</a>, if you are
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39 building on Windows</li>
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40 <li>Java JDK 1.8 or better (see notes).</li>
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41 <li><a href="https://kotlinlang.org/">Kotlin</a></li>
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42 <li><a href="https://www.exiv2.org/">Exiv2</a></li>
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43 <li>A C++ Compiler</li>
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44 <li>Make (Nmake on Windows)</li>
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45 <li>Osdep</li>
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46 </ul>
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47 <h2>Which Version of Java to Use?</h2>
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48 <p>In short, Java 1.8. Most systems don’t yet have OpenJDK 11 or greater
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49 installed, so using a compiler newer than 1.8 is asking for trouble. All
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50 code <em>should</em> build on OpenJDK 11 or greater, with the exception
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51 of the OS-dependent code for the Macintosh (which will have to be recoded
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52 to use the <code>java.awt.Desktop</code> class). The latter would be a
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53 net win, as it is portable, and would spell the death of the only bit of
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54 OS-dependent Kotlin code in this application.</p>
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55 <p>In another year or two, I will probably make OpenJDK 11 or greater the
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56 preferred version.</p>
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57 <h2>Build Procedure</h2>
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58 <h3>Install Prerequisites</h3>
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59 <p>See the “Prerequisites” section above for the details of what you will
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60 need.</p>
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61 <p>If you are building on Windows and are tempted to use a binary
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62 distribution of Exiv2, the MSVC version is preferred, as it will result in
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63 a fully native Windows application which does not require Cygwin or MinGW
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64 to be present. For the same reason, Visual Studio (the free-to-download
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65 “community” version suffices) is the preferred compiler to compile <code>src/name/blackcap/exifwasher/exiv2/native.cpp</code>
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66 with.</p>
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67 <h3>Define Environment Variables</h3>
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68 <p>The <code>build.xml</code> Ant script expects several environment
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69 variable to be set, and for your PATH to allow the command-line utilities
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70 for the prerequisites to be found. Look in <code>setup.sh</code> and/or <code>setup.cmd</code>
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71 for examples.</p>
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72 <h3>Compile C++ Source</h3>
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73 <p>This is done by running <code>make</code> (on Windows, <code>nmake</code>)
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74 on the appropriate Makefile (<code>Makefile.linux</code>, <code>Makefile.mac</code>,
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75 or <code>Makefile.win</code>). On Windows, make sure you are in the
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76 correct sort of command prompt window for the compiler you wish to run
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77 (these are found in the menu under Visual Studio; the standard command
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78 prompt will not work, because it won’t have the Visual Studio command-line
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79 tools in its PATH).</p>
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80 <h3>Compile Kotlin Source and Bundle an App</h3>
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81 <p>Just type <code>ant macapp</code>, <code>ant winapp</code>, or <code>ant
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82 deb</code> depending on whether you are building on a Mac, Windows, or
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83 Debian Linux (note that Ubuntu is a Debian variant).</p>
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84 <h3>That’s It!</h3>
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85 <p>If all went well, a system-specific bundle should be found in the <code>dist</code>
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86 directory.</p>
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87 <h2>Building a (Somewhat) Universal Jar</h2>
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88 <p>It is possible to build an executable jar that will run on both Windows
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89 and Linux systems, but the process for doing so is not automated. What you
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90 will have to do is build non-portable Jar files for both Windows and Linux
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91 by running ant jar on both types of system, then to combine files in both
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92 jars to create a jar whose <code>name/blackcap/exifwasher/binaries </code>contents
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93 are their superset and thus contains native-mode code for both systems.</p>
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94 <p>The drawback here is that the result is nowhere near as nice as the
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95 bundled applications the standard Ant tasks build. It won’t show up as a
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96 normal, native-mode application with a nice icon. It is also not possible
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97 to add the Macintosh to that list of systems, as for sake of human
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98 interface consistency, the Mac code must contain calls to proprietary
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99 classes which are not present on non-Mac systems.</p>
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100 </body>
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101 </html>